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Mar 10, 2025, 07:00 PM Eastern Time (US and Canada)
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Samuel Langhorne Clemens,
better known to most people by his pen name, Mark Twain, was born on November
30, 1835 in Florida, Missouri, the sixth of seven children. At the age of four,
Clemens and his family moved to the small frontier town of Hannibal, Missouri,
on the banks of the Mississippi. According to documentarian Ken Burns, Twain “. . .
rose from a hardscrabble boyhood in the backwoods of Missouri to become . . .
America’s best-known and best-loved
author.” Samuel L. Clemens a/k/a Mark Twain
In his nearly
seventy-five years, Clemens was a man of many titles and occupations,
including: printer’s apprentice, newspaper reporter, riverboat pilot, Confederate
soldier (for two weeks), silver prospector, travel commentator, essayist,
editor, publisher, and lecturer. His most well-known occupation was as an
author. He wrote several books and novels, including:
Innocents Abroad (1869)
Roughing It (1872)
The Gilded Age (1873)
The Adventures of
Tom Sawyer (1876)
The Prince and the
Pauper (1881)
Life on the
Mississippi (1883)
Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn (1884)
A Connecticut
Yankee in King Arthur’s Court (1889)
Following the
Equator
(1897)
Lapham’s Quarterly
summed up Twain’s life thusly:
Mark
Twain was born on November 30, 1835—two weeks after the perihelion of
Halley’s Comet. “I came in with Halley’s Comet,” Mark Twain commented in 1909.
“It is coming again next year. The Almighty has said, no doubt, ‘Now there are
these two unaccountable freaks; they came in together, they must go out
together.’” He died on April 21, 1910—one day after the comet had once again
reached its perihelion.
(See, Mark
Twain again follows Halley’s Comet. | Lapham’s Quarterly.)
Find a more detailed discussion of Twain’s life and legacy, see Biography - Mark Twain House. and Mark Twain - Ken Burns.
So, on November 30th,
raise a glass to Samuel Clemens and his writing alter ego, Mark Twain. As
writers and readers, we owe much to him. For, as Ernest Hemingway is reported
to have said, “All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain
called Huckleberry Finn. American writing comes from that. There was nothing
before. There has been nothing as good since.”
As users of social media,
we’ve all seen them. On most keyboards, it’s the symbol that results when you
hit “Shift” and the Number 3: #. Some might still call it a “pound sign” or a “hash
mark.” But those of us, even Boomers like me, who have made the bold leap into social
media call them “hashtags.”From: Your Complete Guide to Hashtag Analytics | Sprout Social
Hashtags made their debut
in social media—on Twitter—in about 2007. In 2014, the Oxford English
Dictionary adopted this definition of hashtag: “On social media websites and
applications: a word or phrase preceded by a hash sign and used to identify
messages relating to a specific topic. Also: a hash sign used in this way.” (See,
hashtag, n.
meanings, etymology and more | Oxford English Dictionary (oed.com))
In “plain English”:
A hashtag is a keyword or phrase preceded by the hash symbol
(#), written within a post or comment to highlight it and facilitate a search
for it. Essentially, by including hash marks in your post; it can be indexed by
the social network so that it can be discoverable to everyone, even if they’re
not your followers or fans.
(Source: What
are Hashtags and How to Use Them on Social Media (wix.com))
That’s the “What.” Now the “Why” and “How.”
According to the Digital Marketing Institute:
Hashtags are important on social media as they enable your
content to be found by the right people. Using relevant hashtags helps give
context to your content and drives traffic so that you can boost views, likes,
and shares. The key is finding the right hashtags that match your content and
appeal to users.
(Source: How
to Use Hashtags Effectively on Social Media | Digital Marketing Institute.)
There are various types
of hashtags. Wix.com identifies three: (1) content hashtags, (2) trending hashtags,
and (3) brand-specific hashtags. I believe that LinkedIn provides a better,
more detailed, discussion, identifying five types of hashtags: (1) location
hashtags, (2) branded hashtags, (3) industry hashtags, (4) community hashtags,
and (5) descriptive hashtags. (See, (30)
HASHTAG CATEGORIES TO INCREASE REACH | LinkedIn.)
Here is a summary of
each:
Location
hashtags are powerful tools for reaching a local
or regional audience. Whether you're promoting a local event, a business, or
simply sharing experiences from a particular place, incorporating
location-specific hashtags can significantly increase visibility. For instance,
using hashtags like #NewYorkCity or #London allows your content to be
discovered by users searching for content related to those locations. Remember
to be specific with your location hashtags to target the right audience
effectively.
Branded
hashtags are unique to your brand and serve as a
way to foster community engagement and brand loyalty. Creating a branded
hashtag that reflects your brand's identity or a specific campaign can help
unify your content and encourage user-generated content. For example, #JustDoIt
by Nike or #ShareACoke by Coca-Cola are excellent examples of branded hashtags
that have gained widespread recognition and participation. When implementing
branded hashtags, ensure they are memorable, relevant, and easy to spell.
Industry
hashtags are tailored to a specific niche or
industry, allowing you to connect with like-minded individuals and target
audiences interested in your field. These hashtags help position your content
within a broader conversation and establish your authority in your industry.
Whether you're in technology, fashion, food, or any other sector, identifying
and using relevant industry hashtags can help amplify your reach and attract
relevant followers and engagement.
Community
hashtags bring people with shared interests or
affiliations together, fostering a sense of belonging and facilitating
conversations within a community. These hashtags can range from hobbies and
interests to social causes and movements. Engaging with community hashtags not
only expands your reach but also allows you to connect with individuals who
share similar passions or values. By participating in community discussions and
using relevant hashtags, you can increase your visibility and build meaningful
relationships with your audience.
Descriptive
hashtags provide context or describe the content
of your posts, making them more discoverable to users searching for specific
topics or themes. These hashtags complement other types of hashtags and help
categorize your content based on its subject matter. Whether it's
#TravelPhotography, #HealthyRecipes, or #MondayMotivation, descriptive hashtags
allow you to target users interested in particular topics or activities. When
crafting descriptive hashtags, aim for clarity and relevance to maximize their
effectiveness.
For additional assistance
on developing hashtags, see: Infographic:
The 5 Steps of Keyword Research | Digital Marketing Institute.
So, there you have it. A very
basic primer on the What, Why, and How of hashtags—Hashtags 101. Next time you
blog, or post on social media, think about adding a one or more hashtags. Some
practice tips on using hashtags: (1) keep your hashtags short, (2) don’t
overuse hashtags, and (3) think strategically about your target audience.
Now, go forth and experiment! With a little
practice, knock-on-wood, your social media reach and presence should grow.
Remember the soothsayer’s
warning about the Ides of March? Well, history teaches us that we should be
more wary about the Ides (and other days) of April, notwithstanding that old saw
about April showers bringing May flowers. Consider this list: Abraham Lincoln murdered
by John Wilkes Booth, the Titanic’s unplanned meeting with an iceberg, the 1927
Great Mississippi River Flood (the worst flood in U.S. history), the San
Franciso earthquake, the Virginia Tech shooting, the Oklahoma City Bombing, and
Columbine High School—which happened on April 20th, the birthday of
that little Austrian Corporal who caused such death and destruction in the Second
World War. Each of these horrific events, and likely many others, occurred in
April.
And you don’t need to
take my word that April is a Disaster-O-Rama. For a more comprehensive listing
of events and a comparison of April with other months, see the post: Does More
Tragedy Happen In April? - GeekDad. I suspect that you might need a bit of
bourbon as the spark of recognition, and perhaps fear, makes the hair on the
back of your neck stand at attention.
But we can’t just stay under
the covers for an entire month, can we? We have lives to lead. Books to write.
Families to raise. So, despite what challenges April may bring, we must do our
best to cope, to deal with each hurdle that presents itself. Right?
So, you think your April
has been rough? This blog highlights a book one of the most challenging months
of April ever to face us as Americans, a month that could have brought about
the destruction of our nation—and of government of the people, by the people,
and for the people.
In April 1865: The
Month That Saved America, Jay Winik delivers a compelling narrative detailing
the last days of the American Civil War and our first steps toward national
reconciliation. Our experiment with disunion didn’t happen overnight. The cannonade
against Fort Sumter in 1861—another April event—might have been the final
spark, but, as Winik painstakingly details, threats of secession—from every geographic
quarter, not just the South—haunted our nation almost immediately after John
Hancock signed the Declaration of Independence.
However we got there,
four wars of civil war took their toll. Over 600,000 Americans—nearly one-twelfth
of the Northern states’ population and one-fifth of the Southern states’ population—lay
dead. Southern cities smoldered in ruin. An attempt to behead the government,
including President Lincoln’s assassination and attacks on the Vice President
and Secretary of State, had nearly succeeded. Bitterness from the brother-versus-brother
conflict could have easily plunged our country into an ongoing Hatfield-McCoy nightmare.
But that future didn’t come to pass. Why?
According to Winik:
April
1865 was incontestably one of America’s finest hours: for it was not the
deranged spirit of an assassin that defined the country at the war’s end, but
the conciliatory spirit of the leaders who led as much as in peace as in war, warriors
and politicians who, by their example, their exhortation, and their deeds,
overcame their personal rancor, their heartache, and spoke as citizens of not
two lands but one, thereby bringing the country together. True, much hard work
remained. But much, too, had already been accomplished.
As is often the case, books
like April 1865: The Month That Saved America, provide perspective and
lessons beyond the historical situation discussed. Some might argue that we,
today, face another crisis of national identity and unity. I’ll let you reach
your own judgment on that point. But I’ll leave you with this disturbing question:
One-hundred years hence, will a college history professor write a book called April
2024: The Month that Doomed America?
I hope not. Mirroring Winik’s
basic premise, I pray that our current batch of leaders and politicians may “. . .
by their example, their exhortation, and their deeds, overcame their personal
rancor, [and] their heartache,” to recall that we are citizens of a single
nation, with a single flag, and a common commitment to life, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness.
Oh my! This is supposed
to be a blog about mystery writing by the sea. Why are we even thinking about the
calamities of April and the potential destruction of our way of life? It’s the
story. April 1865: The Month That Saved America is both great history
and a great story. And, April 1865 unfolded, no one knew how it would end. Once
you read this book, I think you will agree that it reads like a novel, full of
twists-and-turns and cliff hangers. Fiction or non-fiction, a great narrative is
a thing to behold. Fiction speculates about what characters—people invented in
the writer’s imagination—will do in response to circumstances. Non-fiction
tells us how real people reacted.
Here's wishing you a happy and uneventful remainder of April. Those May flowers will be with us soon, I hope.
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Krewe of ALLA Parade 2023. |
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Edmond Locard (1877-1966) |
No doubt, you’ve seen or heard the saying, “Take only memories, leave only footprints.” It’s a shorthand way of telling humans to minimize their impact on nature. If you see something, leave it for someone else to see and enjoy. If you eat a Milky Way, don’t throw away the wrapper. Take it with you.
What a wonderful sentiment. What an exceptional goal. But to those of us
who write mysteries, especially those involving crimes, it’s sheer, absolute,
and utter nonsense. Pure baloney. Leave only footprints? Give me a break.
Those of us “in the know,” accept the “Gospel According to Dr. Locard.” Developed
by Dr. Edmond Locard (1877 – 1966), Locard’s
Exchange Principle, which forms the foundation of forensic science, holds that
the perpetrator of a crime will bring something to the crime scene and will
leave with something from it. At its core, the concept is that every contact
leaves a trace and that with contact between two items, there will always be an
exchange. To quote Dr. Locard, “It is impossible for a criminal to act,
especially considering the intensity of a crime without leaving traces of this
presence.”
Think about
it. It makes sense.
Wherever a
criminal (or even a totally innocent, law-abiding citizen) goes, he will leave
something behind. At the same time, he will also take something back with him. Our
criminal (or law-abiding citizen) can leave all sorts of evidence, like
fingerprints, footprints, hair, skin, blood, bodily fluids, pieces of clothing—and
more. By coming into contact with others, or things, at the location in question,
our criminal (or law-abiding citizen) takes part of that location with him when
he leaves, whether it’s dirt, hair, or other types of trace evidence.
During an
investigation in 1912, a Frenchwoman named Marie Latelle was found dead in her
parents’ home. Her boyfriend, Emile Gourbin, claimed he had been playing cards with
friends on the night of the murder. Absent evidence to the contrary, police
concluded Gourbin was telling the truth.
Not
deterred, Dr. Locard looked at Marie’s corpse and questioned Gourbin’s alibi.
Locard found clear evidence that Marie had been strangled. He then scraped
underneath Gourbin’s fingernails and examined the results under a microscope. Locard
noticed a pink dust among the samples, which he calculated must be ladies’
makeup. In that era, makeup was not mass produced. Locard located a chemist who
developed a custom powder for Marie. It matched the fingernail scrapings. Ultimately,
Gourbin confessed to the murder. He had tricked his friends into believing his
alibi by setting the clock in the game room ahead. But he couldn’t trick
Locard. When he strangled his girlfriend, he took some of her—skin cells with
traces of makeup—with him.
Pretty convincing,
right? Most likely, we can all think of “modern day” cases that were solved as
a result of Locard’s Exchange Principle. What’s your favorite example?
So, trust me. No matter how hard you try or how well-intentioned you may be, wherever you go you’ll never just leave footprints and you’ll always take away more than just memories. Mystery writers depend on it.
A few years ago, I made several business trips to London and other parts of the United Kingdom. One trip to London occurred in November, right after a very historic U.S. Presidential election (if I remember correctly) and as the U.K. began to commemorate what the nation refers to as Remembrance Day. My visit that November was brief, but I’ve though often about what I saw and the emotions I experienced.
Beginning with the guns
of August in 1914 and finally ending at the eleventh hour of the eleventh day
of the eleventh month in 1918, the First World War—the Great War—exacted a horrific
toll on human life—more than any previous conflict. The carnage was so vast,
involving soldiers and civilians from so many different nations, that historians
cannot agree on exactly how many people lost their lives.
A study conducted on behalf of the Carnegie Endowment
estimated that more than 9.7
million military personnel from more than two dozen nations lost their lives. Adding
to the tragedy, more than 6.8 million civilians died from war-related
maladies such as starvation and disease. In all, about 16.5 million people perished
during the “War to End All Wars.”
Great Britain and
Ireland, with a combined population of 46.1 million, mobilized 6.1 million army
and navy personnel. More than 750,000 military and 600,000 civilians—a total of
1.35 million—died.
After the conflict ended,
the United States designated November 11th, the day hostilities
ceased in World War I, as Armistice Day. Later that special observance morphed
into a more general celebration of those who have served in uniform—Veterans Day.
In Great Britain,
November 11th is referred to as Remembrance Day. And the Sunday
nearest November 11th is referred to as Remembrance Sunday. Originally
a response to World War I, Remembrance Day and Remembrance Sunday now honor those
who have fallen in battle in the defense of their nation—similar to Memorial
Day in the U.S. Red paper poppies serve as a visual—and visceral—symbol of “remembrance”
to the British.
Along with the cost in
human life, the First World War decimated the landscape of Western Europe,
which had seen bloody back-and-forth offensives and the murderous stalemate of
trench warfare. Yet a singular sight gave one man hope. John McCrae, a military
doctor from Canada, viewed the battlegrounds and penned a poem, In Flanders
Fields:
In
Flanders fields the poppies blow
Between
the crosses, row on row,
That
mark our place; and in the sky
The
larks, still bravely singing, fly
Scarce
heard amid the guns below.
We are
the Dead. Short days ago
We
lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
Loved
and were loved, and now we lie,
In
Flanders fields.
Take up
our quarrel with the foe:
To you
from failing hands we throw
The
torch; be yours to hold it high.
If ye
break faith with us who die
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow
In Flanders fields.
Based largely on the
imagery of McCrae’s poem, efforts by various individuals resulted in the red
poppy becoming an iconic emblem of Remembrance Day.
Remembrance Day and Remembrance Sunday bring with them parades, speeches, and sermons. But what was most remarkable to me were the rows and rows of red poppies attached to crosses, Stars of David, and other artifacts that were then placed in church yards and parks throughout the city. I remember the fields of honor at Westminster Abby the most. Many of the poppy-adorned artifacts contained pictures or other tributes to the fallen and were viewed in thoughtful, silent reverence by thousands.
The photograph above gives a hint of the emotional impact of
visiting this solemn place, where, to paraphrase, the poppies still
blow “. . . Between the crosses, row on row.”
An earlier Blog entry discussed baseball-themed movies. With the onset of September and echoes of autumn in the air, the topic switches to football—not the round-ball kind, either. Today’s blog wants to know, what’s your favorite football (the American version) novel or movie?
As the Philly-centric
title suggests, the starting point for our discussion is the 2006 film, Invincible,
featuring Mark Wahlberg and Greg Kinnear. The movie is based on the true story
of Vince Papale, who played with the Philadelphia Eagles from 1976 to 1978. Wahlberg
plays Vince. Greg Kinnear is Coach Dick Vermeil.
Desperate to turn the Eagles into winners, new head
coach Dick Vermeil (Kinnear) will try just about anything. He announces that
the Eagles will host open tryouts for anyone, and everyone, who thinks they have
the stuff to be a professional football player. Urged by his family and
friends, thirty-year-old unemployed teacher Vince Papale, who plays a mean game of sandlot
football and whose girlfriend just left him because he was a "loser," gives it a
go. Vermeil, impressed by Papale's
performance, invites him to training camp. As training camp ends, the final
roster spot is down to Papale and a veteran. Against his assistants' advice,
Vermeil hands the final spot to Papale.
As Papale's career with the Eagles begins, the team loses
all six preseason games and their regular season opener against the Dallas Cowboys. Papale plays poorly against the Cowboys, and
Vermeil faces pressure from the fans and media. In the midst of Papale’s
attempt to make the team, he meets, and falls in love with, Janet.
During the home opener against the New York Giants, Papale opens
the game by solo-tackling the kickoff returner inside the fifteen-yard line.
After an up-and-down game, Papale gets downfield during an Eagles' fourth
quarter punt to tackle the returner, forcing a fumble that he recovers and
takes into the end zone for a touchdown, giving the Eagles their first win in
Papale's career. Eagles’ fans go wild with joy. It’s a victory for an everyday guy—the
typical “Iggles” fan. Papale plays for the team for three seasons and
eventually marries Janet, while Vermeil subsequently succeeds in turning the
Eagles into a winning team, culminating in an appearance in Super Bowl XV.
So, do you have a favorite football-themed novel or movie? What is it? In addition to Invincible, here are some candidates, in alphabetical order:
· Any Given Sunday
· Brian’s Song
·
Draft Day
·
Everybody’s All-American
·
Heaven Can Wait
·
Leatherheads
·
Remember the Titans
·
Rudy
·
The Blind Side
·
The Longest Yard
·
The Replacements
·
The Waterboy
·
We Are Marshall
And, no doubt, there are many more. Tell us your favorite—and
why it is your favorite. Inquiring minds want to know.
Michael Rigg:
I’m not much of a beach reader. Sun and sand and sweat don’t create an inviting atmosphere for reading. (And sunscreen makes the pages stick together.) But sitting at a beach house in Sandbridge pouring over a novel, with the roar of the ocean as background? Well, that’s a horse of a different color. Especially if there’s air conditioning involved. Next on my summer
Of all the pets that have come with Presidents to the White House, I believe the cats have stolen the show! Martin Van Buren's tigers...